Risk Factors
A combination of individual, relational, community and societal factors contribute to the risk of becoming a perpetrator of elder abuse, however these factors may or may not be direct causes of abuse. Understanding these factors can help us better identify ways to prevent abuse.If a member has any of these risk factors, it would be prudent to investigate further. Please call WellCare at 1-888-453-2534, and ask for the Care Management Department to coordinate efforts with a Care Manager. See also the WellCare Policy and Procedure for Abuse and Neglect in the Aged (NJ23 CM-MD-13.1 and NJ23 CM-MD-13.1-PR-001).
Risk Factors for Perpetration
Individual Level- Current diagnosis of mental illness
- Current abuse of alcohol
- High levels of hostility
- Poor or inadequate preparation or training for caregiving responsibilities
- Assumption of caregiving responsibilities at an early age
- Inadequate coping skills
- Exposure to abuse as a child
- High financial and emotional dependence on a vulnerable elder
- Past experience of disruptive behavior
- Lack of social support
- Lack of formal support
- Formal services, such as respite care for those providing care to elders, are limited, inaccessible, or unavailable
A culture where:
- There is a high tolerance and acceptance of aggressive behavior;
- Health care personnel, guardians and other agents are given greater freedom in routine care provision and decision making;
- Family members are expected to care for elders without seeking help from others;
- Persons are encouraged to endure suffering or remain silent regarding their pains; and/or
- There are negative beliefs about aging and elders
Protective Factors for Elder Abuse
Protective factors reduce risk for perpetrating abuse and neglect. Protective factors have not been studied as extensively or rigorously as risk factors. However, identifying and understanding protective factors are equally as important as researching risk factors.Several potential protective factors are identified below. Research is needed to determine whether these factors do, indeed, buffer elders from abuse.
Protective Factors for Perpetration
Relationship Level- Having numerous, strong relationships with people of varying social status
- Coordination of resources and services among community agencies and organizations that serve the elderly population and their caregivers
- Higher levels of community cohesion and a strong sense of community or community identity
- Higher levels of community functionality and greater collective efficacy
Reference: CDC, May 1, 2015, www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/elderabuse/riskprotectivefactors.html